Action fields :

* THERMODYNAMIC MACHINE :
- thermoelectricity generator ; the expanse of sea water of high salinity represents a relatively constant temperature source : hot source at night-time, cold source in the day-time (an expanse of sea water toning down the variations of temperature because of its high calorific capacity ) ;
- Stirling-Rydberg engine ;
thermodynamic machine
Stirling machine

* HYDROGEN PRODUCTION :

Production of hydrogen from sea water :
(the electrolyse of sodium chloride in solution gives hydrogen and chlore) .
production of hydrogen from sea water 1 -2>

photolyse 1 -2>

Production of oxygen :
photolyse

Production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons.
Hydrogen and the other produced gases are retained to be used in industry.
This way of hydrogen production makes it possible to control pollution related to the exploitation of hydrocarbons.
production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons 1 -2>

* The "inland seas" and the meteorological conditions are a natural means of action on the climate and a fight against the desertification by toning down the aridity increased by the global warming .

PRODUCTION OF FRESH WATER :

The desalination processes :
- Distillation, Freezing ;
- Reverse osmosis, Electrodialysis ;
- Solvent extraction, Hydrates formation, Ion-exchange .
sea water desalination

water production 1 -2>

EXPLOITATION OF GROUNDWATER :
groundwater 1 -2> -3> -4>

Considering the global purpose, it is the distillation process which is retained .

- Large units of sea water distillation (solar-thermal-evaporation,thermal-exchange-condensation) inside arid lands to produce vast amounts of fresh water and atmospheric humidity ; sea salt production (salt chemistry) .
Considering weather conditions, these large units of distillation and "inland seas" represent the missing link in the "water cycle" for these arid lands ;

UNITS OF WATER AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION :
EACH UNIT IS A COMBINATION OF SOLAR/WIND ENERGY CHIMNEY AND HEAT PUMP .
solar energy chimneys

heat pump and cooling :
heat pump

Electric energy and water are produced within the same chimney . This chimney operates as a solar/wind power chimney to produce electric energy and with a heat pump to produce water by condensation . The wind power station (wind turbine with vertical axle) is installed at the bottom of the chimney flue .
The heat pump and a catch-drain for distilled water (water tower) are at the top of the flue .
This chimney has a very wide base and can stand in an area surrounded with water or stand inside a lake (with its base remaining all the while away from water) or in an area devoid of water altogether .
The base whose roof is built out of reinforced black or transparent plastic operates like a greenhouse in order to produce hot dry or damp air which is then pumped in and out (natural draught) through the vertical flue of the chimney.

The solar/wind energy chimney and the heat pump simulate (for the upward motion) the natural model of the atmospheric convection :
- the hot dry or damp air rises and gets cooler (eventually it rains),
- the cold air flows down and gets warmer (eventually gets humidity).
And the cycle starts again under the effect of solar energy.
At the bottom of the flue, the wind turbine converts part of the wind kinetic energy ( hot damp air) into electric energy.
At the top of the flue, a heat pump converts part of the humidity into (desalinized) water by thermal exchange.
Which makes it possible to produce electricity and desalinized water simultaneously through a solar/wind energy chimney and a heat pump.

- Picking up water (the dew outcoming of the condensation) of fogs such as the winter coastal fogs (Red Sea) and the summer coastal fogs (Atlantic Ocean); the anticyclonic conditions (Sahara and Arabia) will favour the production of fog (heat haze) in the day-time and its condensation (dew) at night-time .

Natural way (which is a natural mecanism) to obtaion fresh water : evaporation, thermal exchanges, condensation, picking up dew , water streaming, humidification of the soil.

The increase in humidity of arid lands , the picking up dew (condensation), the (re)afforestation (the forest used as a still to produce water) allow the start of the natural cycle .

- (Re)afforestation (bushes, small shrubs, trees : ... acacias, oaks ...), fight against the erosion of soils, thanks to an increased degree of humidity and to picking up water (the dew resulting from condensation) of fogs by using captors with adequate mecanic and thermic properties ;
fog collectors 1 -2>
vegetation in arid lands 1 -2>
oak 1 -2>
pine 1 -2> -3> -4>

Very particular trees being of great socioeconomic and ecological interest :
the argan, the karite/shea tree, the arabic acacia and the saksaoul :
argan
karite/shea tree 1 -2>
arabic acacia

Fixing of the dunes:
The saksaoul is a tree which fixes the dunes and which gives timber and firewood.
saksaoul

The plant of nara melon (wild melon) gives melons rich in water and mineral salts and makes it possible to fix the dunes .
wild melon 1 -2> -3> -4> -5>

" They planted, we eat. We plant, they will eat." :
permaculture

The goal of all these actions is to create a natural environment allowing the emergence of a gentle way of life.

www.rasmohamed.com
www.erwda.gov.ae
wildelife 1 -2> -3>
spare-time and tourism industry

* AQUAFARMING IN ARID LANDS of sea fish and artemia (a tiny crustacean 1 cm long) in rate of salinity controlled sea water as food for the fish ;
aquafarming
aquaculture

- Fight against malnutrition : spirulin cultivation;
spirulin

Mussel cultivation;
mussel cultivation

Pearl oysters cultivation;
pearl oysters cultivation
pearl oysters production

Seaweed cultivation;
seaweed cultivation
seaweed in alimentation
seaweed in pharmacy 1 -2>
seaweed in green manure

Sponges cultivation;
sponges cultivation

Saltwort production;
saltwort production 1 -2>

The aquafarming may have a durable success only if marine biology laboratories control certain parameters such as:
- virus;
- pollutants;
- microbes;
- temperature.
marine biology

The food chain:
The phytoplankton, microscopic plant living on the surface of the sea and in a low thickness, thanks to photosynthesis (action of sunlight), converts the dioxide of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus taken in the air or water into energy (glucides and amino acids).
The food of zooplankton (animal, for example the artemia) is made up of phytoplankton (vegetable), such is the starter of the food chain in the alive aquatic environments.
phytoplankton
zooplankton

* DEPOLLUTION AND FIGHT AGAINST THE POLLUTION :

- Depollution of grounds :
transgenic plants to cleanse the grounds
hyper-accumulating plants

- Biological epuration of liquid waste .
biological depollution
natural detergents

Elimination of the carbon dioxide :
- Biological processing of organic waste with chimical reaction catalysors . This processing gives carbon and water .
- While growing trees such as beeches, coniferous and oaks need carbon dioxide (photosynthesis) . Oak is better adapted to hot climate .
The lupin plant : small plant which absorbs a lot of dioxide carbon .
the lupin plant

- Iron (ferrous sulphate) favours the microscopic plants development such as the phytoplancton which needs, to grow, the carbon dioxide of the atmosphere. For that purpose, steel structures will be able, as reefs, to be used as an habitat for fish.
phytoplankton
zooplankton

Fight against urban pollution :
- Compressed air engine ;
compressed air engine

- Fuel cell ;
fuel cell 1 -2>

gases and pollution 1 -2>
cleaning 1 -2> -3>

* PISE HOUSE :
Earth is a mixture of gravel, sand, clay. It is a recyclable material .
The construction is in adobe. The walls must be at least 60 cm thick .
External walls protection against the flowing down of water : corners made in stones and use of mortar made of a mixture of sand, clay, lime and water of cooked glutinous rice or soup of glutinous ricemeal, or butter of karité as whitewash .
Thermic quality : heat insulator. Accumulator of heat in winter, coolness in summer .
clay and straw mortar
lime
hemp insulation
chinese mortar -1- -2-

* HOUSE MADE OF SALT :
The construction is in salt bricks . It is also a mean to stock salt .
house made of salt 1 -2> -3>